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Under the successful administration of the Temenggong and Bendahara fam(ministerial agents for the sultanate), Riau grew into a very successful entry port. But conflict between the two families led to the assassination of the sultan. ' a city was weakened, as the Malays believed the sultan to be the last direct descendent of Raja Iskander Zul-karnain, Alexander the Great, and his passing v great void. This fragile state left the city vulnerable to the Bugis, who came a(de to escape conflict in their home in southern Sulawesi. The Bugis, masnavigarors and skilled traders with countless allies, catapulted Riau's status ever higher, but in meddling with affairs of the leadership won few supporters among the local Malays. By 1721, the Bugis were ruling under a puppet sultan, intermarriage secured the Bugis bloodline that many Malays carry with them h is day.

In 1757 the Malays once again aligned themselves with the Dutch to overthrow the Bugis, and by 1760 all foreign-born Bugis were expelled. However the economic success of Riau waned in the decades to follow. The Bugis-controller sultan was deposed, and the Dutch appointed one of his sons, Abdul Rahman, as his successor.

Temmenggong Ibrahim, under Sultan Abdul Rahman, signed a treaty in 1819 with Sir Stamford Raffles, allowing the British East India Company to set up shop on Singapore. During the 1800s Singapore's success greatly overshadowed Riau's former glory. In the mid-1800s under Sultan Abu Bakar (who was raised and educated in Singapore), Johor became an administerial extension of Singapore. In 1866 Johor Bahru was named the state capital, and it was developed with a Western-sryle government. Hence, today Abu Bakar is known as "The Father of Modern Johor." Finally, in 1914 Johor was placed under the Federated States of Malaya. The sultan lost his power, except to perform ceremonial duties-for example, his successors could retain the official yellow costume of the sultanate. To this day no one (including you) is permitted to wear yellow at the sultan's favorite golf courses (especially at the Royal Johor Golf Club). The present sultan is His Majesty Sultan Iskander, who has held the title since 1981.
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